The Unifier of the modern Nepal, Prithivi Narayan Shah (1723 - 1775 A.D), was the ninth generation descendant of the Shah Family. The First King of the Shah was Dravya Shah (1559 - 1570 A.D.), the founder of the Gorkha kingdom. Prithvi Narayan Shah was the son of King Nara Bhupal Shah, and he acended the throne of the Gorkha kingdom in 1743 A.D. when he ascended the throne of the Gorkha kingdom, the modern Nepal wae divided into many smaller kingdoms termed as the Baise Rajya and Chaubise Rajya nad the valley kingdoms- Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur. He decided to unify those smaller kingdoms and forecast as the big kingdom. So he started his unifiying mission from the kingdom Nuwakot and found victory in its first attempt in 1744 A.D. After Nuwakot, he took possession of strategic points in the hills surrounding the Kathmandu Valley. The Valley's communications with the outside world were thus cut off.
Finally, King Prithvi Narayan Shah had the glorious victory over the Kritipur and then approached to the Valley. The succession over the valley was not soeasy but he made it after some attempts. Consequently, Jaya Prakash Malla of Kathmandu managed to escape with his life and took asylum in Patan. When the unification was extended to Patan a few weeks later both Jaya Prakash Malla and the King of Patan, Tej Narsingh Malla, took refuge in Bhaktapur, which was also unified after some time. Thus King Prithvi Narayan Shah unified the Kathmandu Valley and Kathmandu became the capital of the modern Nepal by 1769 A.D. Once the foundation of the Kingdom of Nepal was thus laid, King Prithvi Narayan Shah turned his attention towards the east. The Sena Kingdom of Choudandi was united by 1773 A.D. and Vijaypur, another Sena Kingdom was annexed shortly after.
Ref: http://en.allexperts.com/e/p/pr/prithvi_narayan_shah.htm
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